AwakeLip

Estate Agent London

2006-10-26T00:40:00.000-07:00

Robert Irving Burns specialise in London Commercial and Residential property services, including Estate Agent Covent Garden and Estate Agent London. Their centrally located ground floor offices, minutes from Oxford Circus offer an ideal marketing base for your property.

Nephelinesyenite

2005-04-04T06:33:00.000-07:00

Medium- to coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, a member of the alkali-syenite group (see syenite) that consists largely of feldspar and nepheline. It is always considerably poorer in silica and richer in alkalies than granite. The extraordinarily varied mineralogy of the nephelinesyenites and their remarkable variation in habit, fabric, appearance, and composition

Earth Sciences, Hydrologic and atmospheric sciences

2005-04-03T19:57:00.000-07:00

The only substance known to the ancient philosophers in its solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is prominently featured in early theories about the origin and operations of the Earth. Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c. 545 BC) is credited with a belief that water is the essential substance of the Earth, and Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610–545 BC) held that water was probably the source of life. In

Kuei-yang

2005-04-02T10:17:00.000-08:00

Originally

Christian, Fletcher

2005-04-01T02:48:00.000-08:00

A member of a family that had moved from the Isle of Man to Cumberland, Eng., Christian had already served some years in the navy when, in 1787, he became master's mate on the Bounty, a discovery ship sailing (Dec. 23, 1787) from Spithead to the South Seas to collect breadfruit

Niuatoputapu

2005-03-31T23:04:00.000-08:00

Also called Keppel Island one of the northernmost islands of Tonga, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Of volcanic origin, the island has an area of 7 square miles (19 square km) and rises to 350 feet (110 m). Although the island lacks an adequate anchorage, it serves as a regular port of call for interisland shipping between Tonga and Samoa. Copra and breadfruit are produced. Pop. (1986) 1,616.

Ashiya

2005-03-30T00:03:00.000-08:00

City, Hyogo ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is surrounded by the Rokko Mountains and faces Osaka Bay. Located on railway lines and highways between Kobe (west) and Osaka (east), it has been known for its beauty since the Heian period (794–1185), when court nobles and men of letters lived there. After the establishment of the first railway line to it in 1905, the city became a renowned residential

Earth, Variation with latitude

2005-03-29T21:32:00.000-08:00

Even if the Earth were of uniform density or uniformly stratified in layers of constant density, gravity at sea level would increase from the Equator to the poles because of the combined effects of the planet's rotation and spheroidal shape. The effect of rotation arises from the fact that any body on the Earth experiences a centripetal acceleration given by rw2, where

Circus, Wild West shows

2005-03-29T00:49:00.000-08:00

Wild West shows, which were sometimes attached to circuses, emphasized displays and events of America's old West. A Wild West show usually presented its exhibition in a large open field surrounded by bleachers protected by a canvas canopy. Typically, such shows featured American Indian ceremonies; cowboys who engaged in broncobusting, roughriding, roping, and sharpshooting;

France, History Of, Mitterrand's second term

2005-03-27T16:45:00.000-08:00

Restraint paid dividends when Mitterrand ran for a second term in April–May 1988. In the first round of balloting, Chirac managed to defeat his conservative rivals (Giscard, Barre, and Le Pen), but in the second round Mitterrand scored a clear victory (54 to 46 percent). The resurgent president chose the Socialist Michel Rocard as prime minister and once again dissolved the National

Appalachian Orogenic Belt

2005-03-27T02:41:00.000-08:00

An old mountain range that extends for more than 3,000 km (1,860 miles) along the eastern margin of North America from Alabama in the southern United States to Newfoundland, Canada, in the north. The geosynclinal theory of mountain building was first worked out in the Appalachians by James Dana and James Hall in the late 19th century; today a plate tectonic theory is invoked. The earliest

Arts, Central Asian, Turkish literature

2005-03-24T16:44:00.000-08:00

The purely Turkish period in the history of Turkish literatures came before the conversion of the Turks to Islam and covers approximately the 8th to the 11th centuries AD. The oldest literary legacy of the period is found in the Orhon inscriptions, found in the Orhon valley, northern Mongolia, in 1889 and deciphered in 1893 by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen. The inscriptions

García Lorca, Federico

2005-03-24T05:19:00.000-08:00

The publication in 1928 of Romancero gitano (written 1921–27; Gypsy Ballads), a poetry sequence inspired by the traditional Spanish romance, or ballad, catapulted Lorca into the national spotlight. A lyrical evocation of the sensual world of the Andalusian Gypsy, the collection enthralled Spanish readers, many of whom mistook Lorca for a Gypsy. The book's first edition sold out

Buzau

2005-03-23T06:34:00.000-08:00

Judet (county), southeastern Romania, occupying an area of 2,344 square miles (6,072 square km). The Buzau mountain range, part of the Eastern Carpathians and the sub-Carpathian mountains, lies in the west, rising above settlement areas in the valleys and lowlands. The Buzau River and its tributaries drain eastward. Buzau city, the county capital, has been an economic centre with ties to

Arts, Central Asian, Nomadic cultures

2005-03-23T02:19:00.000-08:00

During the 1st millennium BC and the 1st centuries of the Christian era, certain nomadic tribes affected the course of Central Asia's artistic history. Cyrus II the Great, the ancient Persian king who founded the Achaemenian Empire, was killed by the nomadic Massagetai when campaigning in eastern Iran in 530 BC. At the time, the Saka tribe was pasturing its herds in the Pamirs, central

Florianópolis

2005-03-21T05:22:00.000-08:00

The first European settlement on the island was made in 1542 by Spaniards, but in 1675 control passed to the Portuguese, who established

Instinct, Modifiable action patterns

2005-03-20T07:18:00.000-08:00

Some types of instinctive behaviour, while showing a rigid core of fixed action pattern, are still modifiable by conditioning and other learning processes (see above). A good example is provided by the nest-building behaviour of many birds: after the breeding female has chosen a nest site, she finds and deposits sticks or twigs or pieces of grass there. A jackdaw (Corvus

Jansky, Karl (guthe)

2005-03-18T19:30:00.000-08:00

In 1928 Jansky joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey, where his assignment was to track

Wood, Anthony

2005-03-18T15:14:00.000-08:00

Wood's historical survey of the University of Oxford and its various colleges was published as Historia et Antiquitates Universitatis Oxoniensis (1674; History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford). His vast

Spongilla

2005-03-17T00:27:00.000-08:00

Sponge genus that includes the freshwater sponge (q.v.) species.

France, History Of, Institutions

2005-03-16T10:25:00.000-08:00

The institutions of government underwent great changes under the Frankish monarchs.

Great Awakening

2005-03-16T05:16:00.000-08:00

Religious revival in the British American colonies mainly between about 1720 and the '40s. It was a part of the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of the 17th century and early 18th century, referred to as Pietism and Quietism in continental Europe among Protestants and Roman Catholics and as Evangelicalism in England under the leadership of John

Smith, Kate

2005-03-15T04:10:00.000-08:00

Smith started singing before audiences as a child, and by age 17 she had decided on a career in show business. She went to New York City in 1926 and landed a role in a Broadway musical, Honeymoon Lane, the same year. In a succession of Broadway shows she had little chance

Mexico, Rural settlement

2005-03-14T11:11:00.000-08:00

Away from this central

Spanish Riding School Of Vienna

2005-03-14T01:30:00.000-08:00

Also called Imperial Spanish Riding School, German Spanische Reitschule Wien, or Spanische Hofreitschule, school of classical horsemanship in Vienna, probably founded in the late 16th century. It is the only remaining institution where haute école (“high school”) riding and training methods are exclusively practiced, much as they were in the 18th century. The school is particularly noted for its white Lipizzaner (q.v.) horses, bred especially for haute école performance. The horses

Roberts, Isaac

2005-03-13T23:18:00.000-08:00

In 1883 Roberts began experimenting with astronomical photography, taking pictures of stars, the Orion and Andromeda nebulae, and the Pleiades cluster. Although the photographs proved difficult to interpret, they were revealing.

Earth, Stress

2005-03-13T02:22:00.000-08:00

When forces are applied to the external surface of a body, they set up internal stresses within it. Stress can be taken as a measure of the intensity of a force acting within the body. It is properly defined as the force per unit area within a body and is measured in dynes per square centimetre.

Japan Trench

2005-03-12T08:27:00.000-08:00

Deep submarine trench lying east of the Japanese islands, in the floor of the western North Pacific Ocean. It is one of a series of depressions stretching south from the Kuril Trench and the Bonin Trench to the Mariana Trench. The 27,929-foot (8,513-metre) Tuscarora Deep (north) was once considered the deepest point in the world (subsequently found to be in the Mariana Trench).

Essad Pasa (toptani)

2005-03-11T16:45:00.000-08:00

Essad was the scion of a rich Albanian family. He joined the Young Turk movement in 1908 and became deputy for Albania in the new Turkish parliament. The most powerful of the central native lords, he was given

Aldhelm

2005-03-10T08:56:00.000-08:00

Aldhelm was trained in Latin and in Celtic-Irish scholarship by Malmesbury's Irish founder and went on to study at the famous school at Canterbury, where he was exposed

Africa

2005-03-09T21:22:00.000-08:00

Initially, the province comprised the territory that had been subject to Carthage in 149 BC; this was an area of about 5,000 square miles (13,000 square km), divided from the kingdom of

Frederick Iv

2005-03-09T17:23:00.000-08:00

King of Denmark and Norway (1699–1730), who succeeded his father, King Christian V. He continued the Danish efforts to sever the House of Gottorp's link with Sweden, but his first attempt to do so, in 1700 at the outbreak of the Great Northern War, was checked by Charles XII of Sweden. Frederick then accepted the Treaty of Traventhal (1700), but he reentered the war

Guadalupe Mountains National Park

2005-03-08T07:40:00.000-08:00

The Guadalupe Mountains, a division of the Sacramento Mountains, are part of the ancient horseshoe-shaped Capitan Reef that formed beneath

Biblical Literature, The divided monarchy: from Jeroboam I to the Assyrian conquest

2005-03-07T06:45:00.000-08:00

Jeroboam I, the first king of the new state of Israel, made his capital first at Shechem, then at Tirzah. Recognizing the need for religious independence from Jerusalem, he set up official sanctuaries at Dan and Bethel, at the two ends of his realm, installing in them golden calves (or bulls), for which he is castigated in the anti-northern account in the First Book of the Kings.

Constantia

2005-03-06T06:36:00.000-08:00

Residential area, Western Cape province, South Africa, near Cape Town. It is located in Constantia Valley, famous since the 18th century for wines produced on both government and private farms. The Groot Constantia homestead there was built about 1685 by Governor Simon van der Stel and named for his wife, Constance; a fine example of Cape Dutch architecture, it has been restored

Pituitary Gland

2005-03-06T04:54:00.000-08:00

Also called hypophysis one of the endocrine (ductless) glands that secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream. The term hypophysis (from the Greek, “lying under”) refers to the gland's position on the underside of the vertebrate brain. Until the late 19th century the human pituitary was thought to be a vestigial organ, but it is now known to play a major part in the regulation of endocrine

Alentejo

2005-03-05T05:19:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Alemtejo, historical province of south-central Portugal. It lies southeast of the Tagus (Tejo) River and is bounded on the east by the Spanish frontier and on the southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. It is an almost featureless tableland of less than 650 feet (200 m) in elevation in the south and southwest that ascends to higher elevations in the far south and northeast. Although Alentejo

Ferrari, Lodovico

2005-03-04T20:02:00.000-08:00

From a poor family, Ferrari was taken into the service of the noted Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano as

Hughes, William Morris

2005-03-04T17:53:00.000-08:00

Hughes emigrated to Queensland in 1884. After working for the unionization of maritime workers in Sydney, he was elected to the New South Wales legislature in 1894 as a Labor Party member. He entered the first federal Parliament in 1901 and served as attorney

Antigone

2005-03-03T13:15:00.000-08:00

In Greek legend, the daughter born of the unwittingly incestuous union of Oedipus (q.v.) and his mother, Jocasta. After her father blinded himself upon discovering that Jocasta was his mother and that, also unwittingly, he had slain his father, Antigone and her sister Ismene served as Oedipus' guides, following him from Thebes into exile until his death near Athens. Returning

Ararat

2005-03-02T16:25:00.000-08:00

City, southwestern Victoria, Australia, on the northern flanks of the Pyrenees Range, near the Hopkins River. The community and a nearby peak (2,020 ft [616 m]) were named in 1840 by a sheep farmer who likened his settling there to the legendary resting of Noah's Ark on Mt. Ararat in Turkey after the Flood. Although gold was discovered in 1854, the rush of miners was delayed until 1857. Declared a borough

Bopolu

2005-03-02T15:55:00.000-08:00

Also called Bopora, or Boporo, town, western Liberia. Once the centre of the Malinke-dominated Kondo Confederation—including the Gola, Vai, De (Dei), and Loma peoples—the area surrounding Bopolu probably reached its height under King Bosan (Boatswain; 1775–1836). Slaves, ivory, gold, and camwood from the north were sent by Bopolu traders to the coastal Vai and De peoples in exchange for salt, tobacco, guns, and European

Arecibo

2005-03-01T04:06:00.000-08:00

Town, northern Puerto Rico. It lies on a small inlet near the mouth of the Arecibo River. One of the oldest municipalities in the commonwealth, it was authorized in 1537 by the Spanish crown and settled in 1556. In 1616 it was chartered as a town and in 1778 received the royal title villa. An official U.S. port of entry, the town has Puerto Rico's largest rum distilleries and produces agricultural

Adams, Henry (brooks)

2005-02-28T16:47:00.000-08:00

Adams was the product of Boston's Brahmin class, a cultured elite that traced its lineage to Puritan New England. He was the great-grandson of John Adams and the grandson of John Quincy Adams, both presidents

Submarine, World War I

2005-02-28T00:59:00.000-08:00

By the eve of World War I all of the major navies included submarines in their fleets, but these craft were relatively small, were considered of questionable military value, and generally were intended for coastal operations. The most significant exception to the concept of coastal activity was the German Deutschland class of merchant U-boats, each 315 feet long with

Courante

2005-02-27T08:59:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Courant (from Latin currere, “to run”), court dance for couples, prominent in the late 16th century and fashionable in aristocratic European ballrooms, especially in France and England, for the next 200 years. It reputedly originated as an Italian folk dance with running steps. As a court dance it was performed with small, back-and-forth, springing steps, later subdued to stately glides.

Tafoya, Maria Margarita

2005-02-27T07:38:00.000-08:00

American potter (b. Aug. 13, 1904, Santa Clara Pueblo, N.M.—d. Feb. 25, 2001, Santa Clara Pueblo), was one of the most prominent Native American folk artists and was considered the matriarch of the renowned Santa Clara Pueblo potters. In particular, Tafoya was known for her large clay vessels, and her works were the subject of exhibits around the world. In 1984 she was named a National Heritage fellow

Muhammadi

2005-02-26T07:42:00.000-08:00

A native of western Iran, he was a son of the painter Sultan Muhammad, who was one of his teachers. A master of line, Muhammadi (so called after his great father) began to paint while still young and while Tabriz was still the capital. The surviving examples of his work were

Tafoya, Maria Margarita

2005-02-25T22:26:00.000-08:00

The NDP grew out of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), which was founded in 1933 as Canada's first political party representing workers and small farmers. The CCF secured power in Saskatchewan in

Scandinavian Languages

2005-02-25T10:48:00.000-08:00

Languages forming the North Germanic branch of the Germanic languages. The modern standard languages are Danish, Swedish, Norwegian (Dano-Norwegian and New Norwegian), Icelandic, and Faroese. These languages are usually divided into East Scandinavian (Danish and Swedish) and West Scandinavian (Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese) groups. They developed from the dialects

Niza, Marcos De

2005-02-24T00:18:00.000-08:00

Niza went to the Americas in 1531 and served in Peru, Guatemala, and Mexico. At Culiacán, Mex., he freed Indian slaves from regions to the north. Under orders from the viceroy Antonio de Mendoza, Niza and a Moor, Esteban,

Chemical Association

2005-02-22T22:29:00.000-08:00

The aggregation of atoms or molecules into larger units held together by forces weaker than chemical bonds that bind atoms in molecules. The term is usually restricted to the formation of aggregates of like molecules or atoms. Polymerization also denotes the formation of larger units by the union of like small units but usually with chemical bonds between the

Mole

2005-02-22T19:31:00.000-08:00

The mole designates an extremely large number of units, 6.0221367 ´ 1023, which is the number of atoms determined experimentally to be found in 12 grams of carbon-12. Carbon-12 was chosen arbitrarily to serve as the reference standard of the

Eckener, Hugo

2005-02-22T07:42:00.000-08:00

As a member of the firm operated by Ferdinand, Count von Zeppelin, Eckener helped to develop the rigid airships of the early 1900s. During World War I, Eckener trained airship pilots and directed the

Biblical Literature, The content of Acts

2005-02-20T19:40:00.000-08:00

The outline of Acts can be roughly divided into two parts: the mission under Peter, centred in Jerusalem (chapters 1–12); and the missions to the Gentiles all the way to Rome (cf. chapter 1, verse 8), under the leadership of Paul (chapters 13–28). The earlier sections deal with the Jerusalem church under Peter and the gradual spread of the gospel beyond Jewish limits (in chapters 10–11, for example,

Dye

2005-02-20T15:25:00.000-08:00

Coloured substance synthesized from certain chemical compounds called benzenoid hydrocarbons, obtained from either coal tar or petroleum. Its most important use is in dyeing textiles. Wool or cotton fabrics may have dyes applied at any stage of manufacture from fibre to finished garment, depending on the nature of the textile, its subsequent processing, and

Dabrowa Górnicza

2005-02-20T05:24:00.000-08:00

City, Katowice województwo (province), southwestern Poland, on the Czarna Przemsza River just northeast of Katowice city. The town flourished when coal mining began there in 1796. During the 19th century it served as a mining and metallurgical research centre and had the first Polish mining school (1889). It became a town in 1916. Dabrowa Górnicza is situated in the Górny Slask (Upper Silesia)

Interior Design, Physical components of design

2005-02-19T05:10:00.000-08:00

The foregoing section on aesthetic components stressed the fact that, in design, the whole or total effect is more important than the specific device or element used. The same is true of architectural components, and this should be kept in mind in the following discussion.

Beach, Alfred Ely

2005-02-18T22:36:00.000-08:00

While Beach was attending

Canaris, Wilhelm (franz)

2005-02-18T07:15:00.000-08:00

Having served in the navy during World War I, Canaris was a member of the military tribunal that sentenced the murderers of the German

Absolutism

2005-02-16T11:10:00.000-08:00

The political doctrine and practice of unlimited, centralized authority and absolute sovereignty, as vested especially in a monarch. The essence of such a system is that the ruling power is not subject to regularized challenge or check by any other agency, be it judicial, legislative, religious, economic, or electoral. Louis XIV, who ruled France during the late 17th

New Guinea

2005-02-16T05:10:00.000-08:00

Sangli

2005-02-16T03:38:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Maharashtra state, western India. It lies along the Krishna River, east of Kolhapur on the Pune–Bangalore railway. The town is the former capital (1761–1947) of Sangli state. Its market in oilseeds and turmeric is one of the most important in India. Sangli contains a Ganapati temple that attracts many pilgrims. The town's industries include cotton-textile and oil mills, copper

Abbadie, Antoine-thomson D'; And Abbadie, Arnaud-michel D'

2005-02-15T21:08:00.000-08:00

Their parents, a French father and an Irish mother, moved to France in 1818. In 1835 the French Academy sent Antoine on a scientific mission to Brazil. Arnaud

Aral Sea

2005-02-15T04:39:00.000-08:00

Uzbek Orol

Devonian Period

2005-02-14T10:42:00.000-08:00

Interval of the Paleozoic Era that follows the Silurian and precedes the Carboniferous. It is thought to have covered the span of time between about 408 and 360 million years ago (see Table). The Devonian is often divided into the Early Devonian Epoch (408 to 387 million years ago), Middle Devonian Epoch (387 to 374 million years ago), and Late Devonian Epoch (374 to 360 million years ago). The rocks that

Eclogue

2005-02-13T09:54:00.000-08:00

A short pastoral poem, usually in dialogue, on the subject of rural life and the society of shepherds, depicting rural life as free from the complexity and corruption of more civilized life. The eclogue first appeared in the Idylls of the Greek poet Theocritus (c. 310–250 BC), generally recognized as the inventor of pastoral poetry. The Roman poet Virgil (70–19 BC) adopted the form for his

Development Bank

2005-02-13T01:19:00.000-08:00

The number of development banks has increased rapidly since the 1950s; they have been encouraged by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and its affiliates.

Pinar Del Río

2005-02-12T06:01:00.000-08:00

Provincia, western Cuba, bounded on the north by the Gulf of Mexico, on the west by the Yucatán Channel, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, on the southeast by the Gulf of Batabanó, and on the east by La Habana province. Low mountain ranges, including the Sierra de los Órganos and the Sierra del Rosario, form the backbone of the territory, which has an area of 4,218 square miles (10,925 square

Lipscomb, Gene

2005-02-10T06:28:00.000-08:00

Byname of Eugene Allen Lipscomb American gridiron football player and larger-than-life “character” whose exploits helped make professional football the most popular sport in the United States during the late 1950s. A 6-foot 6-inch (2-metre), 284-pound (129-kg) defensive tackle, Lipscomb joked that he gathered up all the opponent's players and “peeled them off” until

Kohistan

2005-02-09T18:56:00.000-08:00

In the North-West Frontier, Kohistan is that sparsely populated area of Pakistan which lies west of Chilas in Kashmir and the Kagan Valley. The eastern part is known as Indus Kohistan (for the Indus River) and the western part, divided between Swat

Biblical Literature, Gospels

2005-02-08T21:00:00.000-08:00

A few papyrus fragments come from gospels not known by name (e.g., Egerton Papyrus 2, Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 840, Strasbourg Papyrus 5–6). There are also the Gospel produced in the 2nd century by Marcion (a “semi-Gnostic” heretic from Asia Minor), who removed what he regarded as interpolations from the Gospel According to Luke; the lost Gnostic Gospel of Perfection; and the Gospel of

Eliot, George

2005-02-08T20:37:00.000-08:00

Evans was born on an estate of her father's employer. She went as a boarder to Mrs. Wallington's School

Ogun

2005-02-07T09:25:00.000-08:00

State, western Nigeria, created in 1976 and comprising former Abeokuta and Ijebu provinces of former Western state, the latter carved out of former Western region in 1967. Ogun is bounded by Oyo and Osun states to the north, Lagos state to the south, Ondo state to the east, and the Republic of Benin to the west. It is covered predominantly by tropical rain forest and has wooded savanna

Calendar Of 2000

2005-02-07T07:31:00.000-08:00

TV Breizh, the first television channel to

Teutonic Order

2005-02-06T00:59:00.000-08:00

In 1189–90, when crusading forces were besieging Acre, some German merchants from Bremen and Lübeck formed a fraternity to nurse the sick there. After the capture of Acre (1191), this fraternity took over a hospital in the town and began to describe itself as the Hospital of St. Mary of the German House in Jerusalem. Pope Clement III approved it, and it adopted a rule like that of the original

China, The Shantung Hills

2005-02-05T10:49:00.000-08:00

These hills are basically composed of Archean (Early to Middle Precambrian) crystalline shales and granites and of Lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (i.e., between 395,000,000 and 570,000,000 years old). Faults have played a major role in creating the present relief, and, as a result, many hills are horsts (blocks of the Earth's crust uplifted along faults), while the valleys have been formed by

Saavedra Lamas, Carlos

2005-02-04T02:51:00.000-08:00

Educated in law, Saavedra Lamas taught at the National University of La Plata and at the University of Buenos Aires,

Alipur Duar

2005-02-02T14:40:00.000-08:00

City, northeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India, just north of the Kalyani River. Connected by road with Jalpaiguri, the city is an important market centre for rice, tobacco, and jute; an annual agricultural produce and stock fair is held there. Rice milling is an important industry. Alipur Duar was declared a municipality in 1951. Pop. (1991) 65,421.

Berezniki

2005-02-02T14:27:00.000-08:00

City, Perm oblast (province), west-central Russia. It is situated on the left bank of the Kama River at the head of the Kama Reservoir. Huge local deposits of salt and potassium have resulted in the city's development as one of the largest chemical centres of Russia, producing nitrogenous fertilizers, potash, nitric and sulfuric acids, soda, chlorine, titanium sponge, and

Commercial Fishing, Aquaculture

2005-02-02T05:17:00.000-08:00

Aquaculture is the propagation and husbandry of aquatic plants and animals for commercial, recreational, and scientific purposes. This includes production for supplying other aquaculture operations, for food and industrial products, for stocking sport fisheries, for producing aquatic bait animals, for fee fishing, for ornamental purposes, and for use by the

Arabian Desert, Physiography

2005-02-01T11:39:00.000-08:00

Plateaus are a common desert feature. Jordan east of the Dead

Interference

2005-01-31T21:20:00.000-08:00

If two of the components are of the same frequency and phase (i.e., they vibrate at the same rate and are maximum at the same time), the wave

Annamese Cordillera

2005-01-31T15:19:00.000-08:00

French Chaîne Annamitique , Vietnamese Giai Truong Son principal mountain range of Indochina and the watershed between the Mekong River and the South China Sea. It extends parallel to the coast in a gentle curve generally northwest-southeast, forming the boundary between Laos and Vietnam. A fairly continuous range for about 700 miles (1,100 km), its rather precipitous eastern slopes leave a narrow coastal plain. Although its

Biblical Literature, The Geneva Bible

2005-01-30T14:53:00.000-08:00

The brief efflorescence of the Protestant movement during the short reign of Edward VI (1547–53) saw the reissue of the Scriptures, but no fresh attempts at revision. The repressive rule of Edward's successor, Mary, a Roman Catholic, put an end to the printing of Bibles in England for several years. Their public reading was proscribed and their presence in the churches

Enchondroma

2005-01-30T13:47:00.000-08:00

A solitary cartilaginous lesion that occurs mostly in the shafts of bones of the hands and feet, usually between adolescence and about age 50. Enchondromas are benign, slow-growing tumours. As they grow they expand and thin the cortex of the parent bone, producing considerable deformity. They may also erupt through their bony covering and project outward into the surrounding

Boise State University

2005-01-30T01:22:00.000-08:00

Public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Boise, Idaho, U.S. The university comprises eight colleges, including the Larry G. Selland College of Applied Technology, which provides applied science degrees in fields such as information technology, horticulture, and culinary arts. Boise State University offers a range of associate and bachelor's degree

Shagamu

2005-01-28T06:08:00.000-08:00

Town, Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies along the Ibu River and the Eruwuru Stream, between Lagos and Ibadan. Founded in the mid-19th century by members of the Ijebu branch of the Yoruba people, it soon became a major market centre of the Ijebu Remo kingdom. Following the British destruction of the Ijebu trade monopoly in 1892 and their later decision to build the railway

Habsburg, House Of

2005-01-27T18:54:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Hapsburg , also called House of Austria royal German family, one of the principal sovereign dynasties of Europe from the 15th to the 20th century.

Earth, Deformation of the crust

2005-01-27T03:12:00.000-08:00

The Earth's crust has been subjected to widespread deformation over geologic time. This deformation results from forces applied to the rocks that make up the crust. Such forces create stresses within the rocks, and these stresses in turn produce strain, which is manifested in the form of folds, faults, and joints.

Ear, Human, Function of the ossicular chain

2005-01-26T14:51:00.000-08:00

In order for sound to be transmitted to the inner ear, the vibrations in the air must be changed to vibrations in the cochlear fluids. There is a challenge involved in this task that has to do with difference in impedance—the resistance to the passage of sound—between air and fluid. This difference, or mismatch, of impedances reduces the transmission of sound. The tympanic

Moscherosch, Johann Michael

2005-01-25T03:41:00.000-08:00

Moscherosch was educated at Strassburg (now Strasbourg)

Kirkuk

2005-01-24T17:05:00.000-08:00

City, northeastern Iraq. The city is 145 miles (233 km) north of Baghdad, the national capital, with which it is linked by road and railway. Kirkuk is located near the foot of the Zagros Mountains in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The oldest part of the town is clustered around a citadel built on an ancient tell, or mound. During the period of Assyrian prominence (9th–10th century BC) the city

Pachycephalosaurus

2005-01-23T11:50:00.000-08:00

Genus of large and unusual dinosaurs found as fossils in deposits of North America dating to the Late Cretaceous Epoch (97.5 to 66.4 million years ago). Pachycephalosaurus,which grew to be about 5 m (16 feet) long, was a biped with strong hind limbs and much less developed forelimbs. The unusual and distinctive feature of Pachycephalosaurusis the high, domelike skull formed by a

Aequi

2005-01-23T01:18:00.000-08:00

Ancient people of Italy originally inhabiting the region watered by the tributaries of the Avens River (modern Velino). Long hostile to Rome, they became especially menacing in the 5th century BC, advancing to the Alban Hills. Although repulsed by the Romans in 431, the Aequi were not completely subdued by Rome until the end of the Second Samnite War (304 BC), when they received civitas

United Arab Emirates

2005-01-22T16:44:00.000-08:00

The economy of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) continued its robust expansion in 1997. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew about 10% in 1996, the highest rate in the Middle East, and in 1997 it rose a substantial 4.4%. Significantly,

Vermeer, Johannes

2005-01-21T16:13:00.000-08:00

Since Vermeer's name is not mentioned in Delft archival records during the late 1640s or early 1650s, it is possible

Cape Verde

2005-01-21T01:51:00.000-08:00

The World Bank and International Monetary Fund structural-adjustment programs had profound implications for national politics in Cape Verde in 2000. Designed to help attract foreign investment, the government's privatization program—especially the privatization of the state petroleum company Enacol—was strongly criticized by the main opposition party, the

Cachoeira Do Sul

2005-01-20T18:54:00.000-08:00

City and river port, central Rio Grande do Sul estado (“state”), southern Brazil. It lies along the Jacuí River at 200 feet (60 m) above sea level. Founded in 1819 as São João de Cachoeira and given city status in 1859, Cachoeira do Sul is the centre of one of Brazil's major rice-growing areas. Rice, wool, wheat, and fruits are processed and shipped from the city, which is about 103 miles (165 km) west of Pôrto

Moravia, Alberto

2005-01-20T02:35:00.000-08:00

Moravia contracted tuberculosis of the bone (a form of osteomyelitis usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) at the age of 8, but, during several